| Aim | Studying (a) binary fission in Amoeba, (b) budding in yeast and Hydra with the help of prepared slides. |
| Apparatus Required | Prepared slides of Amoeba, yeast, and Hydra Microscope Cover slips Dropper Distilled water |
| Theory | The experiment aims to study the process of reproduction in two different types of organisms – unicellular Amoeba and multicellular Hydra and yeast – using prepared slides. Binary fission is a common method of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms like Amoeba. In this process, the parent cell divides into two equal daughter cells. First, the cell undergoes elongation, followed by constriction in the middle of the cell. Finally, the cell separates into two identical daughter cells. The process of binary fission helps in the growth and multiplication of the organism. Budding is another form of asexual reproduction seen in both multicellular and unicellular organisms. In yeast and Hydra, budding is the mode of reproduction. In this process, a small bud grows on the surface of the parent cell, and as it grows, it forms an outgrowth. Eventually, the outgrowth separates from the parent cell, becoming a new, independent organism. Budding is an essential mode of reproduction in yeast and Hydra, as it allows them to proliferate and produce offspring. The experiment involves the study of binary fission in Amoeba and budding in yeast and Hydra using prepared slides. The observations of the different stages of the reproductive process are recorded and compared. The experiment helps in understanding the mechanism of asexual reproduction in different organisms and its significance in their growth and multiplication. |
| Procedure | Part A: Studying Binary Fission in Amoeba 1 .Place the prepared slide of Amoeba under the microscope and adjust the focus. 2 .Observe the Amoeba under low magnification to locate the cell undergoing binary fission. 3 .Switch to high magnification to observe the details of the process. 4 .Record the observations of the different stages of binary fission, such as elongation, constriction, and separation of the two daughter cells. 5 .Repeat the observation for multiple cells to ensure consistency. 6 .Draw and label the different stages of binary fission observed.  Part B: Studying Budding in Yeast and Hydra 1 .Place the prepared slide of yeast under the microscope and adjust the focus. 2 .Observe the yeast cells under low magnification to locate the cells undergoing budding. 3 .Switch to high magnification to observe the details of the process. 4 .Record the observations of the different stages of budding, such as the formation of a bud, its growth, and its separation from the parent cell. 5 .Repeat the observation for multiple cells to ensure consistency. 6 .Draw and label the different stages of budding observed. 7 .Place the prepared slide of Hydra under the microscope and adjust the focus. 8 .Observe the Hydra under low magnification to locate the cells undergoing budding. 9 .Switch to high magnification to observe the details of the process. 10 .Record the observations of the different stages of budding, such as the formation of a bud, its growth, and its separation from the parent cell. 11 .Repeat the observation for multiple cells to ensure consistency. 12 .Draw and label the different stages of budding observed. 13 .Compare the observations of budding in yeast and Hydra. 14 .Record the similarities and differences between the two processes. 15 .Draw a conclusion based on the experimental results and their analysis. 16 .Discuss the significance of binary fission and budding in the growth and reproduction of unicellular and multicellular organisms. 17 .Clean the microscope slides and cover slips with distilled water and dry them before storing.  |
| Result and Observation | Observations: Binary fission in Amoeba: Under low magnification, Amoeba appeared as a single-celled organism. Under high magnification, the process of binary fission was observed in some cells. The cell underwent elongation, followed by constriction in the middle of the cell. Finally, the cell separated into two identical daughter cells. Budding in yeast: Under low magnification, yeast cells appeared as single cells. Under high magnification, buds were observed growing on the surface of some cells. The buds grew in size and formed an outgrowth. The outgrowth eventually separated from the parent cell, becoming a new, independent organism. Budding in Hydra: Under low magnification, Hydra appeared as a multicellular organism. Under high magnification, buds were observed growing on the surface of some cells. The buds grew in size and formed an outgrowth. The outgrowth eventually separated from the parent cell, becoming a new, independent organism. Results: The experiment helped in studying two different methods of asexual reproduction, binary fission in Amoeba and budding in yeast and Hydra. The process of binary fission in Amoeba involved the elongation, constriction, and separation of two daughter cells. Budding in both yeast and Hydra involved the growth of a bud on the surface of the parent cell, its development into an outgrowth, and eventually its separation from the parent cell. The experiment helped in understanding the mechanism of asexual reproduction in different organisms and its significance in their growth and multiplication. It was observed that budding was a more complex and diverse process than binary fission, as it involved the growth of an outgrowth and the formation of a new organism. The study of binary fission and budding helps in understanding the basic principles of asexual reproduction in different organisms. |